今年(nian)四月，國家衛(wei)生健康委員會公布了“關于征求將黨參等9種物(wu)(wu)質作為(wei)按(an)照傳統既是食品又(you)是中(zhong)藥材(cai)物(wu)(wu)質管理(li)意見的函(國衛辦食品函〔2018〕278號(hao))”，杜仲葉作為9種物質之一被列入其中。一大批(pi)從事杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)食(shi)品(pin)開發(fa)的企業重拾信心，為迎接杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)葉“藥食(shi)同源(yuan)”獲批(pi)準后(hou)盡快(kuai)推進產品(pin)上市在做積極(ji)的準備工作。更有許多對杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)產業觀望多年的企業和資本加快(kuai)了(le)杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)產業布局和杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)資源(yuan)綜(zong)合開發(fa)研究(jiu)與(yu)發(fa)展步(bu)伐。

我(wo)國從上(shang)世紀(ji)90年代初開始，陸(lu)續開發(fa)上(shang)市(shi)了(le)一(yi)系列(lie)(lie)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)保健食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)，如陜西漢中(zhong)市(shi)制藥(yao)廠(chang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)“秦巴杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)酒”、貴州(zhou)卷煙二廠(chang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)“杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)煙”、 貴州(zhou)省(sheng)中(zhong)醫研究所(suo)與貴州(zhou)省(sheng)遵義杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)林場聯(lian)合(he)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)晶、重慶冠生(sheng)園食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)廠(chang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)飲料(liao)等(deng)曾一(yi)度(du)暢銷市(shi)場。貴州(zhou)遵義地區桐梓茶(cha)廠(chang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)茶(cha)甚至遠(yuan)銷日本。陜西略(lve)陽(yang)開發(fa)上(shang)市(shi)了(le)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)醬油(you)、杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)醋等(deng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。2002年以(yi)(yi)前，以(yi)(yi)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)葉、皮(pi)為原料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)茶(cha)、酒、煙等(deng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)上(shang)市(shi)在(zai)我國是可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)獲得食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)許(xu)可(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)。2002年國家衛計(ji)委將杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)、杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)葉列(lie)(lie)入保健食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)后，對于(yu)以(yi)(yi)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)、葉為原料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)不(bu)再(zai)給(gei)予(yu)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)許(xu)可(ke)(ke)，從此國內大(da)批杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)退出(chu)市(shi)場。

將杜(du)仲(zhong)葉作為按照傳統既是食(shi)品又是中藥材物質（藥食(shi)同源）管(guan)理以后，會(hui)給杜(du)仲(zhong)產業發展產生(sheng)哪些積極影(ying)響呢？

筆者以(yi)為，其最重要(yao)的貢獻(xian)主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)以(yi)下(xia)幾點：

    一、開辟杜(du)仲(zhong)提取(qu)物食品市(shi)場(chang)，打通降低杜(du)仲(zhong)膠(jiao)原料成本(ben)關鍵通道(dao)。

經過多年的(de)(de)探(tan)索與(yu)實踐，通過改(gai)進和(he)完(wan)善提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)工藝，杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)葉提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)近年已(yi)經由(you)以(yi)往的(de)(de)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)綠原酸(suan)用(yong)途和(he)飼料(liao)添加(jia)劑(ji)應用(yong)逐步上(shang)(shang)升為行(xing)業(ye)內公認的(de)(de)人體保健佳品(pin)。國內外(wai)對杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)研究確證了其(qi)無毒和(he)保健作(zuo)用(yong)以(yi)及(ji)預(yu)防(fang)(fang)和(he)治(zhi)療多種(zhong)疾病(bing)的(de)(de)功(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)。當前，國際社會(hui)最(zui)暢銷的(de)(de)植物(wu)(wu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)主要(yao)集(ji)中(zhong)于(yu)(yu)健腦，益(yi)智，預(yu)防(fang)(fang)和(he)治(zhi)療老(lao)年癡呆癥，減肥，預(yu)防(fang)(fang)和(he)治(zhi)療”三高(gao)“、糖尿病(bing)，天然抗(kang)癌，增強(qiang)免疫(yi)系統等領域。杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)葉提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)所(suo)含活性成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)及(ji)功(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)幾乎(hu)全部對應于(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)述需求(qiu)，蘊(yun)藏著巨大的(de)(de)國內外(wai)市場(chang)需求(qiu)。杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)葉是我國最(zui)大杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)資源，按照(zhao)“三級開發”的(de)(de)產業(ye)化模式，需要(yao)首先提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)葉中(zhong)的(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)活性成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)（即杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)），杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)葉納入“藥食同源“管理以(yi)后，杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)不僅可(ke)以(yi)大量用(yong)于(yu)(yu)保健食品(pin)和(he)功(gong)能性食品(pin)的(de)(de)生產，還可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)來制造(zao)各種(zhong)形式的(de)(de)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)飲品(pin)獲準上(shang)(shang)市，也還可(ke)以(yi)根(gen)據需要(yao)分(fen)(fen)離提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)藥物(wu)(wu)制造(zao)。杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)除(chu)上(shang)(shang)述用(yong)途外(wai)，還將作(zuo)為飼料(liao)添加(jia)劑(ji)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)無抗(kang)養殖。

提取(qu)有效活性成(cheng)分后(hou)的(de)(de)杜仲(zhong)葉渣作為提取(qu)天(tian)然杜仲(zhong)膠(jiao)的(de)(de)原料。提膠(jiao)后(hou)的(de)(de)殘渣還可(ke)進一步用于制造多種產品，例(li)如板材(cai)、有機肥(fei)、燃料，等(deng)等(deng)。如此(ci)，將會(hui)打(da)通降低杜仲(zhong)膠(jiao)生產成(cheng)本的(de)(de)關鍵通道(dao)，為我國杜仲(zhong)膠(jiao)規(gui)模化生產奠定重要基礎。

        二(er)、助力我國杜仲健康(kang)產品(pin)市場的形(xing)成和發(fa)展

杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)提取物中富含(han)綠原酸(suan)(suan)、京尼平(ping)苷(gan)酸(suan)(suan)、杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)黃酮、杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)多糖等(deng)多種化學成(cheng)分。據測(ce)定，杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)葉組織中人體必需的氨基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)含(han)量是杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)皮的2.19-3.65倍(bei)。含(han)量(liang)最高的(de)必需氨(an)基酸(suan)為(wei)亮(liang)氨(an)酸(suan)，杜(du)仲葉中的(de)含(han)量(liang)是杜(du)仲皮的(de)2.50-4.34倍，其次為纈氨(an)酸(suan)，賴氨(an)酸(suan)含(han)(han)量也(ye)很高。此外，杜仲(zhong)還(huan)含(han)(han)有雞(ji)蛋、牛奶中缺乏(fa)的半必需氨(an)基酸(suan)-酪(lao)氨酸及嬰幼兒生長發育所必需(xu)的(de)組氨酸，其中，杜仲(zhong)(zhong)葉中的(de)含(han)量分別是杜仲(zhong)(zhong)皮的(de)1.37-2.26倍(bei)和1.70-3.03倍。杜仲葉和皮中(zhong)含有(you)豐(feng)富的(de)維生素E和β胡蘿(luo)卜素(su)，還含有維生素(su)B₂及微量的B₁，杜仲(zhong)的(de)(de)抗衰老、增強細胞(bao)免疫力的(de)(de)功(gong)能也和此(ci)密切(qie)相關。杜仲(zhong)中鈣、磷、鎂(mei)、鉀的(de)(de)含量很高，特別是鈣極為豐富。另外，杜仲(zhong)含有豐富的(de)(de)鐵和鋅等微量元素(su)，它們對于維持生(sheng)命具有相當大的(de)(de)貢獻(xian)，尤其鋅是很重要的(de)(de)營(ying)養品，它可以使人體60余種酶(mei)產生活(huo)性，并且在制造遺傳因子和(he)蛋(dan)白質(zhi)方面都是(shi)不可缺(que)少的(de)，能夠(gou)阻止(zhi)血管和(he)器官的(de)老化，抑(yi)制體內有害物質(zhi)的(de)產生。所以(yi)，富含鈣、磷、鉀、鐵(tie)和(he)鋅等元(yuan)素的(de)杜(du)仲是(shi)供給(gei)人體必須(xu)礦質(zhi)元(yuan)素的(de)天然食品(pin)。

多(duo)年來(lai)，我國一些企業(ye)在(zai)相關科研機構的配合下已陸續開(kai)發多(duo)種以杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)葉和杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)取物為原料或(huo)主要原料的杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)食品(pin)，如杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)茶(cha)、杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)酒(jiu)、杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)飲料、杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)香菇、杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豆(dou)芽、杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)掛面、杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)粉絲(si)、杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)精粉、杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)養生醋、杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)桑葉茶(cha)、杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)晶、杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沖劑(ji)、杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)口(kou)服液、杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醬油、杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)樂、杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)咖啡、杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)米粉、杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)糕(gao)點(dian)和養生餅干等(deng)。上述產品(pin)雖然大部分沒有被允許上市(shi)，但在(zai)民間已被廣(guang)泛(fan)食用。

杜仲(zhong)葉(xie)一旦納入“藥(yao)食同源”管理，上述產品獲(huo)得食品生(sheng)產許可(ke)后，便可(ke)以獲(huo)準(zhun)進(jin)入商場、超市，也將可(ke)以進(jin)入電商平臺銷售，從而能夠快速、廣(guang)泛的被消費(fei)者了解(jie)和接(jie)受。

    三、助(zhu)力生態扶(fu)貧和精準扶貧

我(wo)國杜仲資源大多(duo)集中于貧困(kun)山(shan)區(qu)，如陜(shan)西略(lve)陽(yang)縣(xian)、張家界慈利縣(xian)、四(si)川(chuan)旺蒼縣(xian)、河南南召縣(xian)等地區(qu)。僅陜(shan)西略(lve)陽(yang)一個(ge)縣(xian)就擁(yong)有58萬畝杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)林，這(zhe)是一個國(guo)家級貧困縣，但也是最早采(cai)用我(wo)國(guo)第一批由西北農(nong)林科技大(da)學培育的杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)良(liang)種(zhong)建成的杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)良(liang)種(zhong)基地之一。早在上世紀(ji)90年代該縣曾開發(fa)了(le)一系(xi)列以杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)葉或杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)葉提取物為原料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)品，如杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)茶、杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)酒、杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醬油、杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醋等，盡管受政(zheng)(zheng)策影響長時間(jian)中(zhong)斷生產(chan)，但這個(ge)地區的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)府和(he)(he)人民依(yi)然精心(xin)保護著這些寶貴的(de)(de)(de)資源(yuan)，目前已成為我國重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種源(yuan)和(he)(he)苗木(mu)基地，可惜的(de)(de)(de)是大批寶貴的(de)(de)(de)杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)葉資源(yuan)因不(bu)能(neng)得到有效的(de)(de)(de)綜合開發(fa)和(he)(he)利(li)用而(er)白白浪費(fei)掉。杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)葉實(shi)(shi)施“藥食(shi)同(tong)源(yuan)”管理(li)后(hou)，大批以杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)葉為原料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)食(shi)品經審核(he)后(hou)可以恢復生產(chan)，將會(hui)使沉睡多年的(de)(de)(de)“杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)青(qing)山”變成實(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)在(zai)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)“金(jin)山銀山”。

杜仲(zhong)產(chan)業(ye)是(shi)典型的(de)(de)(de)循環經濟生(sheng)態產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)，也(ye)是(shi)勞(lao)動密集型的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)，杜仲(zhong)產(chan)業(ye)在(zai)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)興(xing)起，不僅(jin)可以(yi)使(shi)寶(bao)貴的(de)(de)(de)杜仲(zhong)資源物有(you)所用，物有(you)所值，還會創造大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)就業(ye)機(ji)會，為貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困戶徹底(di)解決脫貧(pin)(pin)(pin)問(wen)題(ti)，達到精準扶(fu)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)、生(sheng)態扶(fu)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)。

四、促進杜(du)仲產品與餐飲(yin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、養老(lao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、旅游等產業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)有機融合

杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)作為(wei)藥材在國人心目中(zhong)(zhong)已經根深蒂固，杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)葉(xie)納入“藥食同源(yuan)”管理后，有(you)利于將杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)的養(yang)生保(bao)健理念植入大眾觀(guan)念之中(zhong)(zhong)，也(ye)有(you)利于讓杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)的保(bao)健作用惠及更(geng)(geng)多民眾。以杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)葉(xie)為(wei)原料的杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)食品可(ke)以更(geng)(geng)便(bian)捷地進(jin)入超市(shi)、飯店、養(yang)老、養(yang)生會所、旅游市(shi)場。結(jie)合(he)市(shi)場需要，也(ye)將會有(you)越來越多的杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)產(chan)品開發(fa)上市(shi)，繁榮(rong)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)市(shi)場。

五、幾(ji)點(dian)思考

1、加強組織管理，做好頂層設計

杜仲葉的深度開發利用(yong)涉及多個領域，在(zai)科(ke)研(yan)創新方面，可以千軍(jun)萬馬馳騁；但在(zai)資源布局和產(chan)業化發展方面，則亟需做好科(ke)學、合理的頂層設計，做到為國家和人民負責，為子孫后(hou)代負責。

杜(du)仲葉納入(ru)“藥食同源”管(guan)理后，既要(yao)鼓勵(li)“八仙(xian)過海(hai)、各顯(xian)其能”，也要(yao)嚴格把好(hao)安(an)全、質量關，標準先行。相(xiang)關杜(du)仲行業(ye)組織需(xu)要(yao)嚴密跟蹤和研究市場發展態(tai)勢，引(yin)導杜(du)仲食品(pin)市場健康(kang)、有序(xu)發展。
    2、加強系列化(hua)、專業化(hua)、差(cha)異化(hua)杜仲食品的開發

伴隨著(zhu)對杜(du)仲化(hua)學成分、藥(yao)用機(ji)理研究的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷深入，我國(guo)杜(du)仲食(shi)品(pin)開發需要逐步向系列化(hua)、專業化(hua)、差異化(hua)發展，如針對減肥、降血(xue)脂、降血(xue)壓(ya)和血(xue)糖(tang)、緩(huan)解疲(pi)勞(lao)、促(cu)進睡眠等(deng)不(bu)(bu)同需求的(de)(de)消費群體(ti)推出不(bu)(bu)同配方、不(bu)(bu)同形式的(de)(de)杜(du)仲產品(pin)。

3、注重規(gui)范化(hua)(hua)、品牌化(hua)(hua)、國際(ji)化(hua)(hua)發展

杜(du)仲產品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)培育和銷售(shou)將遵循品(pin)(pin)牌化、規(gui)范(fan)化運作模式。在新媒體日益(yi)發(fa)展的(de)(de)今天，任何虛(xu)假宣傳、以假亂真(zhen)、以次充好的(de)(de)不正(zheng)當競爭行為都會(hui)對產業的(de)(de)健(jian)康發(fa)展造(zao)成嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)不良(liang)影響。未(wei)(wei)來一(yi)個時(shi)期，杜(du)仲中藥、杜(du)仲提取物、杜(du)仲保(bao)健(jian)品(pin)(pin)、杜(du)仲食品(pin)(pin)將迎來全球化發(fa)展的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)機遇。標準化是決定我國杜(du)仲產品(pin)(pin)能(neng)否走出國門的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)因素，所(suo)以要(yao)未(wei)(wei)雨綢繆，制定標準要(yao)與國際市(shi)場(chang)接軌(gui)。